Laparoscopy

A laparoscope is a small telescope, which your doctor inserts into your abdomen through a small incision (cut). It brings light into the abdomen so she can see inside. Laparoscopy is typically done on an outpatient basis, not requiring an overnight hospital stay. . It has taken the place of surgery in some cases and offers the benefits of fewer problems and shorter recovery.

Laparoscopy can be useful in diagnosing and treating many gynecologic problems, such as:

• Endometriosis -- Tissue-like endometrium (the lining of the uterus) growing in places outside of the uterus, which can cause pain, scar tissue, and infertility.
• Adhesions -- Tissues that stick together and form scar tissues, typically due to infection, endometriosis, or surgery. 
• Fibroids -- Growths that form on the inside, outside, or within the wall of the uterus. 
• Ovarian cysts – Fluid-filled sacs that your doctor may recommend removing if they are causing menstrual disorders or infertility.  Others are harmless and may disappear over time. 
• Hysterectomy -- The laparoscope can be used in the removal of the uterus and/or ovaries.
• Tubal Ligation – Cutting, clipping, or cauterizing the fallopian tubes as a permanent method of birth control.
• Ectopic Pregnancy – Embryo attaches to the fallopian tube rather than the uterus, causing tube rupture and abdominal bleeding.   Laparoscopy can be used to remove the ruptured fallopian tube.

The typical pelvic laparoscopy involves a small (1/2" to 3/4") incision in the belly button or lower abdomen. The abdominal cavity is filled with carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide causes the abdomen to swell which lifts the abdominal wall away from the internal organs, so the doctor has more room to work. 
Next, a laparoscope (a one-half-inch fiber-optic rod with a light source and video camera) is inserted through the belly button. The video camera permits the surgeon to see inside the abdominal area on video monitors located in the operating room.

Depending on the reason for the laparoscopy, the physician may perform surgery through the laparoscope by inserting various instruments into the laparoscope while using the video monitor as a guide.

For more information on Gynecological Hysteroscopy:
http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp061.cfm